The term pancreatitis defines an inflammatory process localized in the tissues of the pancreas (pancreas). The acute or chronic course of the disease of varying severity leads to a violation of the functional state of the organ, which affects the digestive process. Treatment of pancreatitis, regardless of the severity of the course, the nature and origin of the pathological process, necessarily involves the use of dietary recommendations. According to the classification of the diet, the tablet for pancreatitis is marked 5p.
The main characteristics of the diet
The main goal of the diet for acute or chronic pancreatitis is a significant reduction of the functional load on the pancreas, which contributes to a rapid decrease in the severity of the inflammatory process. Dieting has some of the following characteristics:
- In the diet, the amount of carbohydrates (mainly due to sugar and other easily digestible disaccharides) and fat decreases.
- Increase protein content in the diet.
- Severe restriction of the intake of organic compounds, purine bases, refractory fats, essential oils, cholesterol, coarse fibers, which significantly increase the load on the organs of the digestive system.
- Increase the content of lipotropic compounds and vitamins.
- Dishes should be steamed or boiled. Food picking is limited. Avoid fried foods.
- The number of cold and too hot dishes is limited.
The chemical composition, the daily content of the main organic compounds, as well as the energy value of the diet for pancreatitis include the following indicators:
- Protein - 110-120 g, of which 60-65% should be of animal origin.
- Carbohydrates - 350-400 g, of which 30-40 g of sugar is allowed. It is recommended to take 20-30 g of xylitol sweetener.
- Fat - 80 g, of which 15-20% is vegetable.
- Table salt (sodium chloride) - 10 g.
- Free liquid - 1, 5 liters.
- Energy value - 2600-2700 kcal.
The recommended food intake is 5-6 times a day, but individual portions should be small. This makes it possible to reduce the load on the entire digestive system in general and the pancreas in particular.
Mechanism of therapeutic action
The pancreas is a functionally important organ in the digestive system. It produces a number of digestive enzymes (proteases, lipases, amylases) responsible for the breakdown of proteins, fats and carbohydrates in the lumen of the small intestine. With the development of inflammatory reactions for various reasons, there will be damage to gland cells, as well as tissue edema. At the same time, compression of the excretory ducts of the pancreas develops, the outflow of contents is interrupted, which can then cause tissue death, induced by the release of digestive enzymes (pancreatic gland). To prevent the complications of inflammation, it is important to reduce the stress on the pancreas, for which the 5p diet was developed.
The essence of the dietary recommendations is to significantly reduce the amount of carbohydrates and fats that come with food. This at the control level causes a decrease in pancreatic function, the production of digestive enzymes and the likelihood of developing pancreatic necrosis decreases. Frequent meals in small portions make it possible to reduce the load on all organs of the digestive system, which helps to quickly reduce the severity of the inflammatory process in the pancreas. By increasing the amount of fatty acid compounds and vitamins, it is possible to improve the course of metabolic processes in the tissues of the liver and other parenchymal organs in the digestive system.
Clues
The implementation of dietary recommendations is indicated in the development of chronic pancreatitis in remission (recovery of the functional state) or the acute inflammatory process in the recovery period (recovery). The diet can also be used for combined inflammation of the pancreas, gallbladder, liver.
Contraindications
With a pronounced acute inflammatory process, it is not recommended to use a diet for pancreatitis, since in this case, table 0 (complete lack of nutrition) is prescribed for up to several days. The main organic nutrient compounds in the form of monomers are administered parenterally by intravenous drip (amino acids, glucose). Also, if necessary, intensive treatment with drugs from various pharmacological groups is prescribed.
Allowed products
Using a diet for pancreatitis involves taking permitted foods, the list of which is quite varied and includes:
- The first dishes are soups cooked in water with the addition of vegetables (carrots, potatoes, pumpkin, zucchini), grains (semolina, rice, buckwheat), vermicelli, a small amount of butter is allowed.
- Meat - lean meat, which includes chicken, rabbit, veal, beef, skinless turkey. Before cooking, the meat is stripped of the skin (poultry), tendons. Boiling or steaming is recommended.
- Vegetables - potatoes, cauliflower, zucchini, green beans, carrots, beets, pumpkin boiled, baked or steamed.
- Cereals - cereals made from oats, buckwheat, semolina, rice, which are boiled in water or with a little milk. They can also be added to soufflés and puddings.
- Ripe, sweet fruits or berries that can be eaten fresh or baked.
- Dairy products - low-fat fresh milk in limited quantities, subject to normal tolerance, yogurt, cottage cheese, cream.
- Sweets - mousse, jelly, jelly, marmalade, which is prepared with xylitol (sweetener).
- Chicken eggs - limited, 2 pieces per day in the form of an omelette.
- Flour products - yesterday's bread made from wheat or rye flour, low-fat products.
- Fat - butter, vegetable oil.
- Drinks - green, weak black tea, fruit juice, compote, rose broth.
Prohibited products
Taking into account the implementation of dietary recommendations for pancreatitis, the use of the following foods is excluded:
- Soups, cabbage soup, meat borsch, fish broth, beetroot, okroshka.
- Fatty meat (duck, goose, pork, lamb), fried, boiled dishes made from it, smoked meat, sausages.
- Fat, fried, boiled, salted fish, caviar, canned food.
- All dairy products that are high in fat and sugar, including lactose (milk sugar).
- Legumes, the use of barley, corn, pearl barley and crushed corn is limited.
- Cabbage, turnip, sorrel, sweet pepper, eggplant, radish, onion, garlic, spinach, mushroom, radish.
- Spices, spicy, fatty sauces, especially those cooked in meat broth.
- Coffee, cocoa, carbonated and cold drinks.
- Confectionery, chocolate, ice cream, sweets that contain a significant amount of sugar.
- Animal fat.
Nutritional properties
Proper use of a diet for pancreatitis involves following some of the following recommendations and nutritional practices:
- The menu for acute pancreatitis or exacerbation of a chronic process includes a mandatory sparing plan. The amount of food is severely limited up to temporary healing hunger (food 0). As the severity of the inflammatory process decreases, the menu gradually expands, but the food is served in crushed form.
- In chronic pancreatitis, the 5p diet is used without sparing. It includes normal temperatures, excluding very hot and very cold dishes.
- The acute course of the inflammatory process in the tissues of the pancreas requires hospitalization of a person in a medical hospital, where the doctor determines dietary recommendations. If there is a high probability of getting pancreatic necrosis in the first days, diet 0 is prescribed under the close supervision of a doctor.
- It is recommended to eat at least 5 times a day in small portions, which makes it possible to significantly reduce the stress on the pancreas.
- It is recommended that the last meal take place no later than 2 hours before the scheduled bedtime. In modern recommendations, the time between dinner and bedtime is increased to 3-4 hours.
- In case of chronic pancreatitis, a diet is prescribed for a long time, which is necessary primarily to prevent the worsening of the inflammatory process in the pancreatic tissue.
Example of this week's menu
Monday
- Breakfast - buckwheat porridge cooked in milk, bread and butter, weak black tea.
- Lunch - fresh pear.
- Lunch - soup with vegetables, boiled in water, noodle pot with chicken meat, apple jelly.
- Snacks - biscuits, rose broth.
- Dinner - boiled fish without bones, mashed potatoes with a small amount of butter, green tea.
Tuesday
- Breakfast - cooked vegetable vinaigrette, cheese sandwich, green tea.
- Lunch - cottage cheese casserole with the addition of prunes.
- Lunch - milk soup with rice, boiled carrots with boiled chicken, fruit compote.
- Afternoon snack - lean cookies with freshly squeezed fruit juice.
- Dinner - pasta with cottage cheese, boiled in water, jelly.
Wednesday
- Breakfast - apple and carrot salad, chopped steamed cutlets, fruit juice.
- Lunch is a baked pear.
- Lunch - vegetable soup cooked in milk, boiled boneless fish with rice porridge, fresh fruit.
- Snacks - biscuits, dried fruit compote.
- Dinner - rice porridge cooked in milk, cheese sandwich, apple compote.
Thursday
- Breakfast - semolina porridge, boiled in milk, with the addition of prunes, weak black tea.
- Lunch - carrot puree with apple jam.
- Lunch - vegetable soup cooked on a decoction of dried fruits, cottage cheese pudding, baked apple.
- Snack - fruit jelly.
- Dinner - buckwheat porridge, boiled in water, with beef steam, still mineral water.
Friday
- Breakfast - cheesecakes with carrots, black tea.
- Lunch - cottage cheese with reduced fat sour cream.
- Lunch - soup with barley and carrots, boiled in water, cabbage rolls boiled with rice and boiled chicken meat, fruit jelly.
- Snack - sweet fresh apple.
- Dinner - potatoes boiled in water, boiled fish without bones, kefir, a piece of bread.
Saturday
- Breakfast - cheesecakes with fruit jam, green tea.
- Lunch is a fresh banana.
- Lunch - borscht cooked in vegetable broth, a vegetable and chicken stew, a fruit complex.
- Snacks - dry biscuits, dried fruit compote.
- Dinner - stew with pasta and boiled beef, kefir.
Sunday
- Breakfast - soup with potato dumplings, boiled in milk, weak black tea.
- Lunch is a fresh sweet apple.
- Lunch - cabbage soup cooked in vegetable broth, boiled pasta with steam cutlets, compote.
- Snacks - biscuits, rose broth.
- Dinner - omelet from chicken eggs, lazy dumplings with cottage cheese, kefir.
Doctor's opinion
Diet for pancreatitis is biologically sound. By reducing the functional load on the pancreas, the risk of complications, including pancreatic necrosis, is significantly reduced, and the inflammatory process in the tissues of the organ is also accelerated. At the same time, the severity of edema decreases, the outflow of pancreatic juice and bile improves, which contributes to the normal functioning of all organs in the digestive system. Dietary recommendations are intended to reduce the functional load on the pancreas during the period when acute inflammation subsides or behind a chronic disease process. In the case of acute pancreatitis, due to the high risk of developing pancreatic necrosis in the hospital, diet 0, which is therapeutic starvation, can be prescribed.